therefore/consequently - поэтому; следовательно; thus/so - таким образом; поэтому;
hence - следовательно; в результате;
as a result - в результате; в итоге;
it appears that... - очевидно; явно;
evidently/it is evident that... - очевидно; несомненно;
clearly/undoubtedly/unquestionably/beyond any doubt - безсомнения; несомненно; Note: Word choice - thus, so, therefore, consequently, for thisreason, as a result. Of all these words, so is least formal (thus - most formal). In formal writing, avoid usingSo at the beginning of a sentence - it is characteristic of spoken English: The country was beautiful. Consequently I decided to return the next year./I therefore decided to return the next year. (formal style) Eg: In North American universities, the cost of tuition is very high. Thus, many students are forced to work at part-time jobs while they are studying. Eg: I really cannot stand tourist resorts in tropical climates, so if I were given a chance to visit a foreign country for a short vacation, I would steer clear of such hot and overcrowded destinations. Eg: Medical technology is increasing at a phenomenal rate. As aresult, people now live much longer lives than in any other past generation. Eg: It is evident that people have to pay a price for the benefits of their industrial society. But this price seems to be very high if only to think about the problems facing us now: the risk of nuclear accidents, chemical works explosions, acid rain, the destruction of wild life and countryside, air and water pollution. Eg: It appears that these two arguments do not coincide. Eg: It appears that the system of having students evaluate their teachers has been used by many universities as an effective means of ensuring that a high standard of education is maintained. Eg: A large construction project always necessitates making a considerable amount of noise. Hence, many residents object to construction in their neighborhood.
thus/so - таким образом; поэтому;
hence - следовательно; в результате;
as a result - в результате; в итоге;
it appears that... - очевидно; явно;
evidently/it is evident that... - очевидно; несомненно;
clearly/undoubtedly/unquestionably/beyond any doubt - безсомнения; несомненно;
Note: Word choice - thus, so, therefore, consequently, for this reason, as a result. Of all these words, so is least formal (thus - most formal). In formal writing, avoid usingSo at the beginning of a sentence - it is characteristic of spoken English: The country was beautiful. Consequently I decided to return the next year./I therefore decided to return the next year. (formal style)
Eg: In North American universities, the cost of tuition is very high. Thus, many students are forced to work at part-time jobs while they are studying.
Eg: I really cannot stand tourist resorts in tropical climates, so if I were given a chance to visit a foreign country for a short vacation, I would steer clear of such hot and overcrowded destinations.
Eg: Medical technology is increasing at a phenomenal rate. As a result, people now live much longer lives than in any other past generation.
Eg: It is evident that people have to pay a price for the benefits of their industrial society. But this price seems to be very high if only to think about the problems facing us now: the risk of nuclear accidents, chemical works explosions, acid rain, the destruction of wild life and countryside, air and water pollution.
Eg: It appears that these two arguments do not coincide.
Eg: It appears that the system of having students evaluate their teachers has been used by many universities as an effective means of ensuring that a high standard of education is maintained.
Eg: A large construction project always necessitates making a considerable amount of noise. Hence, many residents object to construction in their neighborhood.